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[目的]针对设施番茄氮肥过量施用引发土壤氮素积累及番茄产量与品质下降的问题，研究氨基酸肥替代化学氮肥的效果和施用策略优化。[方法]以设施番茄为研究对象，通过盆栽试验，设置不同比例的氨基酸肥替代化学氮肥处理，探究其对设施土壤氮含量、番茄产量、品质和氮素利用率的影响，综合分析产量和氮肥利用率确定氨基酸肥替代氮肥的最大潜力与最佳施用比例。[结果]在等氮量条件下，40%氨基酸肥替代氮肥（M4N6PK）处理的番茄盛果期土壤铵态氮、硝态氮含量、植株总吸氮量、氮素农学效率和氮肥利用率分别较对照（NPK）提高39.18%、11.39%、68.37%、162.76%和89.27%;M4N6PK处理番茄产量最高，较对照增产40.61%，同时显著降低果实硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量（26.14%和49.76%），并提升可溶性糖、有机酸、可溶性蛋白及维生素C含量。与对照处理（NPK）相比，氨基酸肥替代氮肥比例为80%和100%(M8N2PK和M10N0PK)的处理显著降低土壤的硝态氮含量、番茄产量、果实硝酸盐含量和氮肥利用率，显著增加果实的可溶性糖和维生素C的含量。通过模型优化，氨基酸肥替代氮肥的最大潜力为66.20%，最佳替代比例为35.25%，可实现番茄增产42.86%和氮肥利用率提高91.36%。[结论]设施番茄栽培中，氨基酸肥替代氮肥可显著增加作物产量、品质和氮肥利用率，研究结果为寒区设施番茄化肥减施增效技术提供理论依据。
Abstract：[Objective]To address the challenges of soil nitrogen accumulation, yield reduction, and quality decline caused by excessive nitrogen fertilizer application in greenhouse tomato cultivation, the effects of substituting chemical nitrogen fertilizer with amino acid fertilizer and the optimization of application strategy were studied. [Methods]The effects of substituting chemical nitrogen fertilizer with amino acid fertilizer at varying ratios on soil nitrogen dynamics, tomato yield, fruit quality, and nitrogen use efficiency through greenhouse tomato pot experiments were investigated. The maximum substitution potential and optimal replacement ratio were determined by comprehensively analyzing the yield and nitrogen use efficiency. [Results]The results showed that under equivalent nitrogen conditions, the treatment with 40% amino acid fertilizer substituting for nitrogen fertilizer(M4N6PK) increased the soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content, total plant nitrogen uptake, agronomic nitrogen efficiency, and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency by 39.18%, 11.39%, 68.37%, 162.76%, and 89.27%, respectively, compared to the control(NPK); the yield of tomatoes was the highest, with an increase of 40.61% compared to the control, while significantly reducing the content of nitrate(26.14%) and nitrite(49.76%) in fruit, and enhancing the content of soluble sugar, organic acids, soluble protein, and vitamin C in fruit. Compared with the control(NPK), the treatment with 80% and 100% of amino acid fertilizer replacing nitrogen fertilizer(M8N2PK and M10N0PK) significantly reduced soil nitrate content, tomato yield, nitrate content in fruit and nitrogen use efficiency, while significantly increased the content of soluble sugar and vitamin C in fruit. Through model optimization, the maximum potential for amino acid fertilizer substitution was 66.20%, with the optimal substitution ratio being 35.25%, which could achieve a 42.86%increase in tomato yield and a 91.36% increase in nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency. [Conclusion]In greenhouse tomato cultivation,amino acid fertilizer replacing nitrogen fertilizer can significantly increase crop yield, quality and nitrogen use efficiency This study provides a theoretical basis for the technology of reducing chemical fertilizers and increasing the efficiency in protected tomato cultivation in cold regions.
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基本信息:
DOI：
中图分类号:S641.2;S626
引用信息:
[1]张国显,王子宁,杨丽娟等.设施番茄栽培中氨基酸肥替代氮肥效应评估与施用策略优化[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2025,56(02):42-52.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划课题项目（2023YFD2300705;2020YFD1000303）; 国家大宗蔬菜产业技术体系项目（CARS-23）