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[目的]针对现有水稻育秧播种排种器作业效率较低、高速作业时存在播种均匀性差导致播种合格指数偏低等问题，难以满足当前南方地区早稻毯状苗常规稻育秧播种的农艺要求，为改善传统机械直槽式排种器在高速作业时用种量较大、排种器的脉动效应导致秧盘内稻种分布不均等问题，研究设计了一种人字纹斜槽式水稻育秧播种排种器。[方法]使用SOLIDWORKS三维软件对该播种装置关键结构进行设计，采用力学分析法对排种器充种充种特性进行研究并分析计算了人字纹斜槽倾角的最优数值。以常规稻湘早籼32为试验材料，确定以播种装置的排种轮转速、秧盘输送速度、种箱开度为试验因素，以播种合格率及空格率为性能评价指标，开展单因素和三因素三水平响应面试验。[结果]各因素对评价指标播种合格率与空格率影响的主次顺序为排种轮转速、种箱开度和秧盘输送速度，获得各因素最优参数组合为：排种轮转速为22.3 r·min-1，秧盘输送速度0.37 m·s-1，种箱开度29.9 mm，该条件下排种器播种合格率94.36%，播种空格率为1.67%。[结论]以湘早籼32、中早35和黄华占3种常规稻作为试验品种，对比改进前后排种器的播种性能，结果表明改进后的人字纹斜槽式排种器满足常规稻毯状苗撒播的技术要求，研究结果可为水稻机械化育秧播种排种器的优化设计提供参考。
Abstract：[Objective]To address the limitations of existing seed metering mechanism for rice seedling raising, including low operational efficiency and poor sowing uniformity at high forward speed that result in suboptimal seeding qualification rates, which is hard to meet the agronomic requirements of seeding for conventional early rice seedling mat raising in the southern region, this study developed a herringbone oblique groove seed metering device. The innovation aims to overcome the drawbacks of traditional straightgroove mechanical metering unit, such as excessive seed consumption during high-speed operation and uneven seed distribution on the mat caused by pulsation effects. [Methods]The key structures of the seeding device were designed using SOLIDWORKS 3D modeling software. Mechanical analysis was employed to investigate seed-filling characteristics and optimize the inclination angle of herringbone grooves. Using conventional rice variety Xiangzaoxian 32 as experimental material, a response surface methodology experiment with three factors(seed wheel speed, tray conveying velocity, and seed box aperture) and three levels was carried out, with seeding qualification rate and mis-seeding rate as performance evaluation metrics.[Results]Factor significance analysis revealed that the significant order of influence on seeding qualification rate and miss-seeding rate is: seed roller speed > seed box aperture > tray conveying speed. The optimal parameters were determined as seed wheel speed of 22.3 r·min-1, tray conveying speed of 0.37 m·s-1,and seed box aperture of 29.9 mm. Under these conditions, the seeding qualification rate is 94.36% and miss-seeding rate is 1.67%for the metering unit. [Conclusion]Using three conventional rice varieties(Xiangzaoxian 32, Zhongzao 35, the comparative experiments of metering mechanism before and after optimization and Huanghuazhan) were carried out. The results showed that the optimized herringbone groove-type metering unit significantly outperformed conventional designs, meeting technical requirements of seed broadcasting for conventional mat seedling raising. This study provides reference for optimization design of seed metering devices in rice nursery systems.
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基本信息:
DOI：
中图分类号:S223.2
引用信息:
[1]刘大为,秦锋,王志鹏等.人字纹斜槽式水稻育秧播种排种器优化设计与试验[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2025,56(02):99-109.
基金信息:
湖南省重点研发计划项目（2024JK2032）; 湖南省大学生创新创业训练项目（S202410537149）