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[目的]大豆是重要的粮食和油料作物，目前在国内外的需求量不断增加。秸秆还田作为一种环保的农业技术被广泛应用于我国的大豆种植中。油菜素内酯(BR)是一种无毒的植物生长调节剂，对调控作物生长具有重要意义。为研究秸秆还田条件下始花期喷施不同浓度的油菜素内酯对大豆各部分干物质积累、产量及产量构成因素的影响，并寻找最佳施用浓度。[方法]选取两种亚有限结荚习性的大豆品种黑农84、垦丰16为试验材料，以喷施清水为对照组，设置5个不同浓度(5,6.67,10,20,40 mg·L-1)的油菜素内酯处理，于大豆始花期进行喷施。R2、R3、R6共3个时期取样测定叶片、茎、叶柄的干物质积累量，待收获后测定株高、底荚高度、主茎节数、有效荚数、无效荚数、百粒重、产量等指标。[结果]喷施10 mg·L-1的油菜素内酯后，黑农84底荚高度达到最低值15.76 cm，垦丰16底荚高度达到最低值16.03 cm，二者均差异显著；黑农84的无效荚数达到最小值但差异不显著；有效荚数、总荚数、理论百粒重、实收百粒重、理论产量、实收产量和单株粒重达到最高值且差异显著，分别增加11.31%、43.66%、11.88%、13.58%、12.38%、15.95%和14.27%；垦丰16的株高、理论百粒重、实收百粒重、理论产量、实收产量和单株粒重达到最大值，分别增加11.41%、8.68%、8.84%、13.67%、12.48%和15.77%。两品种大豆各部分干物质积累均在10 mg·L-1的油菜素内酯处理下达到最高值。[结论]施用油菜素内酯可以降低大豆底荚高度，增加大豆株高、有效荚数、总荚数、地上部各部位干物质积累量、百粒重和产量，10 mg·L-1为油菜素内酯的最佳施用浓度。
Abstract：[Objective]Soybean is an important food and oil crop, and its demand is constantly increasing both domestically and internationally. As an environmentally friendly agricultural technology, straw returning is widely used in soybean planting in China.Brassinolide(BR) is a non-toxic plant growth regulator, which is of great significance for regulating crop growth. Therefore,experiments were carried out to study the effects of different concentrations of brassinolide on dry matter accumulation, yield and yield components of soybean at the initial flowering stage under the condition of straw returning, and to find the best application concentration. [Methods]Two soybean varieties of Heinong 84 and Kenfeng 16 with sub-limited podding habits were selected as experimental materials, and water was sprayed as the control group. Five concentrations(5, 6.67, 10, 20, 40 mg·L-1) of brassinolide were sprayed at the initial flowering stage of soybean. The dry matter accumulation of leaves, stems and petioles was measured at three stages of R2, R3 and R6. The plant height, bottom pod height, main stem node number, effective pod number, ineffective pod number,100-grain weight and yield were measured after harvest.[Results]After spraying 10 mg·L-1 brassinolide, the bottom pod height of Heinong 84 reached the lowest value of 15.76 cm, and that of Kenfeng 16 reached the lowest value of 16.03 cm. The effect of brassinolide on both varieties are significant. The number of invalid pods of Heinong 84 reached the minimum but the difference was not significant. The number of effective pods, total pods, theoretical 100-grain weight, actual 100-grain weight, theoretical yield,actual yield and kernel weight per plant reached the highest value and the difference was significant, increasing by 11.31%, 43.66%,11.88%, 13.58%, 12.38%, 15.95% and 14.27%, respectively. The plant height, theoretical 100-grain weight, actual 100-grain weight,theoretical yield, actual yield and kernel weight per plant of Kenfeng 16 reached the maximum, which increased by 11.41%, 8.68%,8.84%, 13.67%, 12.48% and 15.77%, respectively. The dry matter accumulation of each part of the two varieties of soybean reached the highest value under 10 mg · L-1 brassinolide treatment. [Conclusion]The application of brassinolide can reduce the height of soybean bottom pods, increase soybean plant height, effective pods, total pods, dry matter accumulation in various parts above the ground, 100-grain weight and yield, and 10 mg·L-1 is the best application concentration of brassinolide.
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基本信息:
DOI：
中图分类号:S565.1
引用信息:
[1]董守坤,孙继轩,孙铭蔚等.秸秆还田条件下喷施油菜素内酯对大豆产量的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2025,56(04):24-32.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD1500303); 大学生SIPT项目(202410224166)