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基于沈阳农业大学棕壤长期定位试验(始于1987年),研究31年化学氮肥和有机肥施用(单施化学氮肥为尿素135kgN·hm-2·a-1和尿素270kgN·hm-2·a-1;化学氮肥与有机肥配施为尿素135kgN·hm-2·a-1+猪厩肥135kgN·hm-2·a-1;单施有机肥为猪厩肥270kgN·hm-2a-1)对棕壤肥力指标(pH值、容重、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、全磷和全钾)的影响,为指导化学氮肥和有机肥的合理施用提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)施用化学氮肥和有机肥均提高了玉米产量。单施化学氮肥比有机肥增产效果低,并且单独提高化学氮肥施用量不会促进产量的提升,而有机肥与化学氮肥配施增产最多;长期不施肥、单施化学氮肥,易造成酸化、板结,养分含量下降,不利于培肥土壤。(2)长期施用有机肥能够缓解单施化学氮肥造成的不良性状,并且有机肥与化学氮肥配施可以促进土壤肥力指标均衡增长,有利于培肥土壤。(3)主成分分析显示,单施化学氮肥对容重、碱解氮正相关调控以及对pH值的负相关调控较强,而有机肥的施用对除容重外的其他肥力指标的正相关调控较强,且有机肥和化学氮肥配施增强了对产量的正相关调控作用,为有机肥替代化肥奠定理论基础。
Abstract：Based on the long-term positioning experi ment station of Brown Earth in Shenyang Agricultural University(since1987), the effects of 31 years' application of chemical nitrogen and organic fertilizers(single application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer urea 135 kgN·hm-2·a-1 and urea 270 kgN·hm-2·a-1),chemical nitrogen combined organic fertilizer application(urea 135 kgN·hm-2·a-1+ pig manure 135 kgN·hm-2·a-1) and single application of organic fertilizer(pig manure 270 kgN·hm-2·a-1) on Brown Earth fertility indices(pH, bulk density, organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium,total phosphorus, total potassium) were studied. It willprovide a theoretical basis for rational application of chemical nitrogen and organic fertilizer. The results showed that:(1) Application of nitrogen fertilizer increased corn yield. Meanwhile, single application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer had the worse effect on yield increase, and single increase application amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer did not promote the yield increase. Nevertheless, the effect of yield increase was significant due to the application of organic fertilizer, and organic combined chemical nitrogen fertilizer promoted the most yield increase.(2) It was easy to cause acidification, compaction, nutrient content decreasing due to long-term no fertilizer application or single application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, which was not conducive to promote soil fertility. Whereas, the application of long-term organic fertilizer could alleviate the bad traits caused by chemical nitrogen fertilizer. The organic combined chemical nitrogen fertilizer could also promote the balanced growth of soil fertility indices, beneficial to fertilize soil.(3) The results by principal component analysis showed single application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer would positively regulate bulk density and alkali nitrogen, negatively affect pH. However, the application of organic fertilizer would promote the positive regulation on other fertility indices except bulk density. Organic combined chemical nitrogen fertilizer could increase the positive relationship with yield, which would provide supports for replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1700.2020.01.015
中图分类号:S158
引用信息:
[1]刘雨薇,裴久渤,李艾蒙,等.长期化学氮肥和有机肥施用对棕壤肥力指标的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2020,51(01):117-121.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1700.2020.01.015 .
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划子课题项目（2017YFD0200604）; 国家自然科学基金项目（41807086,41671293）; 辽宁省自然科学基金项目（20170540799）; 沈阳农业大学博士启动基金项目（880416042,880416020）
2020-03-20
2020-03-20
2020-03-20